Baystate Health print this page

Selected Publications from the Center for Quality of Care Research

2012

  • Lagu T, Rothberg MB, Nathanson BH, Pekow PS, Steingrub JS, Lindenauer PK. Variation in the care of septic shock: The impact of patient and hospital characteristics. J Crit Care 2012 Jan 31. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed

2011

  • Stefan MS, Bannuru RR, Lessard D, Gore JM, Lindenauer PK, Goldberg RJ.The Impact of COPD on Management and Outcomes of Patients Hospitalized with Acute Myocardial Infarction - A Ten-Year Retrospective Observational Study. Chest2011 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
  • Carey KM, Cross JE, Silva MA, Stefan MS, Rothberg MB. Pharmacy student impact on inappropriate prescribing of acid suppressive therapy. Am J Pharm Educ. 2011 Nov 10;75(9):175. PubMed
  • Stefan MS, Belforti RK, Langlois G, Rothberg MB. A simulation-based program to train medical residents to lead and perform advanced cardiovascular life support. Hosp Pract (Minneap). 2011 Nov;39(4):63-9. PubMed
  • Lagu T, Lindenauer PK, Rothberg MB, Nathanson BH, Pekow PS, Steingrub J, Higgins TL. Development and Validation of a Model that Uses Enhanced Administrative Data to Predict Mortality in Patients with Sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2011 Nov;39(11):2425-30. PubMed
  • Rothberg MB, Belforti R, Fitzgerald J, Friderici J, Keyes M. Four years' experience with a hospitalist-led medical emergency team: An interrupted time series. J Hosp Med. 2011 Oct 13. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
  • Lagu T, Rothberg MB, Shieh MS, Pekow PS, Steingrub J, Lindenauer PK. Hospitalizations, Costs, and Outcomes of Severe Sepsis in the United States, 2003 to 2007. Crit Care Med. 2011 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
  • Rothberg MB, Steele JR, Wheeler J, Arora A, Priya A, Lindenauer PK. The Relationship Between Time Spent Communicating and Communication Outcomes on a Hospital Medicine Service. J Gen Intern Med. 2011 Sep 16. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
  • Finlayson E, Maselli J, Steinman MA, Rothberg MB, Lindenauer PK, Auerbach AD. Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults Undergoing Surgery: A National Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011 Aug 30. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
  • Rothberg MB, Bigelow C, Pekow PS, Lindenauer PK. Association between statins given in hospital and mortality in pneumonia patients. J Gen Intern Med. 2011 Aug 13. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
  • Lagu T, Greysen SR. Physician, monitor thyself: professionalism and accountability in the use of social media. J Clin Ethics. 2011;22(2):187-90. PubMed
  • Fang MC, Maselli J, Lurie JD, Lindenauer PK, Pekow PS, Auerbach AD. Use and outcomes of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after spinal fusion surgery. J Thromb Haemost. 2011 May 2. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed.
  • Rothberg MB, Lindenauer PK, Lahti M, Pekow PS, Selker HP. Risk factor model to predict venous thromboembolism in hospitalized medical patients. J Hosp Med. 2011 Apr;6(4):134-41. PubMed
  • Wartak SA, Friderici J, Lotfi A, Verma A, Kleppel R, Naglieri-Prescod D, Rothberg MB. Patients' Knowledge of Risk and Protective Factors for Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Cardiol. 2011 Mar 15. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
  • Lindenauer PK, Normand ST, Drye EE, et al. Development, validation, and results of a measure of 30-day readmission following hospitalization for pneumonia. J Hosp Med. 2011 Mar;6(3):142-50. PubMed
  • Lagu T, Rothberg MB, Nathanson BH, Pekow PS, Steingrub JS, Lindenauer PK. The relationship between hospital spending and mortality in patients with sepsis. Arch Intern Med. 2011 Feb 28;171(4):292-9. PubMed
  • Rothberg MB, Arora A, Hermann J, Kleppel R, St Marie P, Visintainer P. Phantom vibration syndrome among medical staff: a cross sectional survey. BMJ. 2010 Dec 15;341:c6914 PubMed

2010

  • Bozic KJ, Maselli J, Pekow PS, Lindenauer PK, Vail TP, Auerbach AD. The influence of procedure volumes and standardization of care on quality and efficiency in total joint replacement surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010 Nov;92(16):2643-52. PubMed
  • Hussain S, Stefan M, Rothberg MB. Why do physicians prescribe stress ulcer prophylaxis to general medicine patients? South Med J. 2010 Nov;103(11):1103-10. PubMed
  • Fitzgerald J. Venous thromboembolism: have we made headway? Orthop Nurs.2010 Jul-Aug;29(4):226-34; quiz 235-6. PubMed
  • Lagu T and Lindenauer PK. Putting the public back in public reporting. JAMA. 2010 Oct 20;304(15):1711-2. PubMed
  • Rothberg MB, Sivalingam SK, Ashraf J, Visintainer P, Joelson J, Kleppel R, Vallurupalli N, Schweiger MJ. Patients' and cardiologists' perceptions of the benefits of percutaneous coronary intervention for stable coronary disease. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Sep 7;153(5):307-13. PubMed
  • Auerbach AD, Maselli J, Carter J, Pekow PS, Lindenauer PK. The relationship between case volume, care quality, and outcomes of complex cancer surgery. J Am Coll Surg. 2010 Sep. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
  • Lindenauer PK, Bernheim SM, Grady JN, et al. The performance of US hospitals as reflected in risk-standardized 30-day mortality and readmission rates for medicare beneficiaries with pneumonia. J Hosp Med. 2010;5:E12-8. PubMed
  • Kent DM and Lindenauer PK. Aggregating and disaggregating patients in clinical trials and their subgroup analyses. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Jul 6;153(1):51-2. PubMed
  • Stefan MS, Blackwell JM, Crawford KM. Patients' attitudes toward and factors predictive of human immunodeficiency virus testing in academic medical clinics. Am J Med Sci. 2010; [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
  • Rothberg MB, Cohen J, Lindenauer PK, Maselli J, Auerbach AD. Little evidence of correlation between growth in health care spending and reduced mortality. Health Aff. 2010; 29(8):1523-1531. PubMed
  • Auerbach AD, Hilton JF, Maselli J, Pekow PS, Rothberg MB, Lindenauer PK. Case-volume, quality of care, and care efficiency in coronary artery bypass surgery. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(14):1202-1208. PubMed
  • Lindenauer PK, Pekow PS, Lahti MC, Lee Y, Benjamin EM, Rothberg MB. Association of corticosteroid dose and route of administration with risk of treatment failure in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. JAMA. 2010;303(23):2359-2367. PubMed
  • Rothberg MB, Pekow P, Lahti M, Brody O, Skiest D, Lindenauer P. Comparative effectiveness of macrolides and quinolones for patients hospitalized with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Hosp Med. 2010 May-Jun;5(5):261-7. PubMed
  • Stein BD, Charbeneau JT, Lee TA, Schumock GT, Lindenauer PK, Bautista A, Lauderdale DS, Naureckas ET, Krishnan JA. Hospitalizations for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: how you count matters. COPD. 2010 Jun; 7(3):164-71. PubMed
  • Rothberg MB, Lahti M, Pekow PS, Lindenauer PK. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis among medical patients at US hospitals. J Gen Intern Med. 2010;Jun; 25(6):489-94. PubMed
  • Klugman R, Allen L, Benjamin E, Fitzgerald J, Ettinger W. Mortality rates as a measure of quality and safety, “caveat emptor.” Am J Med Qual. 2010;May-Jun; 25(3):197-201. PubMed
  • Rothberg MB, Pekow PS, Lahti M, Brody O, Skiest D, Lindenauer PK. Antibiotic therapy and treatment failure in patients hospitalized for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. JAMA. 2010;May 26; 303(20):2035-42. PubMed
  • Lagu T, Hannon NS, Rothberg MB, Lindenauer PK. Patients’ evaluations of health care providers in the era of social networking: an analysis of physician-rating websites. J Gen Intern Med. 2010 Sep;25(9):942-6. PubMed
  • Jennings LA, Auerbach AD, Maselli J, Pekow PS, Lindenauer PK, Lee SJ. Missed opportunities for osteoporosis treatment in patients hospitalized for hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010 Apr; 58(4):650-7. PubMed
  • Lindenauer PK, Rothberg MB, Nathanson BH, Pekow PS, Steingrub JS. Activated protein C and hospital mortality in septic shock: a propensity-matched analysis. Crit Care Med. 2010 Apr; 38(4):1101-7. PubMed
  • Haessler S, Connelly NR, Kanter G, Fitzgerald J, Scales ME, Golubchik A, Albert M, Gibson C. A surgical site infection cluster: the process and outcome of an investigation: impact of alcohol-based surgical antisepsis product and human behavior. Anesth Analg. 2010 Apr 1; 110(4):1044-8. PubMed 
  • Belforti RK, Wall MS, Lindenauer PK, Pekow PS, Rothberg, MB. International Outsourcing of Medical Research by High Income Countries: Changes from 1995 to 2005. J Investig Med. 2010 Feb; 58(2):287-94. PubMed

2009

  • Rothberg MB, Benjamin EM, Lindenauer PK. Public reporting of hospital quality: recommendations to benefit patients and hospitals. J Hosp Med. 2009 Nov; 4 (9):541-5. PubMed
  • Peto RP, Tenerowicz LM, Benjamin EM, Morsi DS. One system’s journey in creating a disclosure and apology program. Joint Comm J Qual Pt Saf. 2009 Oct; 35(10):487-496. PubMed
  • Bozic KJ, Vail TP, Pekow PS, Maselli JH, Lindenauer PK, Auerbach AD. Does Aspirin Have a Role in Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients? J Arthroplasty. 2009 Aug 11. PubMed
  • Fitzgerald, JL. Using Standardized Processes to Improve Adherence to Evidence-Based Protocols for Heart Failure Patients. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Health Care Innovations Exchange Web site Aug 30. 2009
  • Auerbach AD, Hilton J, Maselli J, Pekow PS, Rothberg MB, Lindenauer PK. Shop for quality or volume? Volume, quality, and outcomes of coronary artery bypass surgery. Ann Intern Med. 2009 May; 150 (10): 696-704. PubMed
  • Fitzgerald JL. Resisting surgical infections, cover story; case in point. J Case Manag Society Am. 2009;Feb/March 2-9.
  • Arshad S, Rothberg M, Rastegar DA, Spooner L, Skiest D. Survey of physician knowledge regarding antiretroviral medications in hospitalized HIV-infected patients. J Int AIDS Soc. 2009 Feb 2; 12(1):1. PubMed
  • Benjamin EM, Abookire S, Sands K. Using hospital standardized mortality ratios for public reporting: a comment by the consortium of chief quality officers: consortium of chief quality officers. Am J Med Quality. 2009; 24(2):164-5. PubMed
  • Lagu T, Weiner MG, Hollenbeak CS, Eachus S, Tang SK, Schwartz JS, Turner BJ. Effect of patient comorbidities on filling of antihypertensive prescriptions. Am J Manag Care. 2009; 15(1):24-30. PubMed
  • Lindenauer PK. Transparency as a strategy to improve the value of hospital care. The healthcare imperative: lowering costs and improving outcomes, strategies that work (IOM Roundtable on Evidence-Based Medicine). 2009 National Academies. IOM

2008

  • Sabin JE, Mazor K, Meterko V, Goff SL, Platt R. Comparing drug effectiveness at health plans: the ethics of cluster randomized trials. Hastings Cent Rep. 2008;Sep-Oct;38(5):39-48. PubMed
  • Goff, SL, Feld A, Andrade SE, et al. Use of administrative data to identify patients with irritable bowel syndrome. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;Jun;61(6):617-621. PubMed
  • Rothberg MB, Bonner AB, Rajab MH, Kim HS, Stechenberg BW, Rose DN. Do pediatricians manage influenza differently than internists? BMC Pediatrics. 2008;8:15 (24Apr2008). PubMed
  • Brotman DJ, Lindenauer PK. Length of stay in pulmonary embolism; high time for evidence-based discharge criteria [editorial]. Arch Intern Med. 2008;Apr 14;168(7):683-684. PubMed
  • Lagu T, Weiner MG, Hollenbeak CS, Eachus S, Roberts CS, Schwartz JS, Turner BJ. The impact of concordant and discordant conditions on the quality of care for hyperlipidemia. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23(8):1208-1213. PubMed
  • Lagu T, Kaufman EJ, Asch DA, Armstrong K. Content of weblogs written by health professionals. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23(10):1642-1646. PubMed
  • Lindenauer PK. Who do you want caring for your parent [editorial]? J Hosp Med. 2008;3(3):179-180. PubMed
  • Lindenauer PK, Shojania K. The era of big performance measurement. Here at last [editorial]? Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2008;34(6):307-308. PubMed
  • Lindenauer PK. Effects of quality improvement collaboratives [editorial]. BMJ. 2008;336:1448-1449. PubMed
  • Rothberg MR, Pekow PS, Liu F, Korc-Grodzicki B, Brennan MJ, Bellantonio S, Heelon M, Lindenauer PK. Potentially inappropriate medication use in hospitalized elders. J Hosp Med. 2008;3:91-102. PubMed
  • Rothberg MB, Morsi E, Benjamin EM, Pekow PS, Lindenauer PK. Choosing the best hospital: the limitations of public reporting of hospital quality. Health Aff. 2008;27(6):1680-1687. PubMed

2007

  • Fitzgerald J, Kanter G, Trelease R, Benjamin EM. Reducing surgical complications. Nurs Manag. 2007;Nov;38(11):35-39. PubMed
  • Fitzgerald J, Kanter G, Benjamin E. Preventing surgical complications. Joint Comm J Pt Qual Pt Saf. 2007 Nov;22(11):666-671. PubMed
  • Heelon M, Skeist D, Tereso G, Meade L, Weeks J, Pekow P, Rothberg MB. A clinical pharmacist intervention reduces duration of antiretroviral errors in hospitalized patients. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2007;Oct 1;64(19):2064-2068. PubMed
  • Rothberg MB, Virapongse A, Smith KJ. Cost-effectiveness of a vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;May 15;44(10):1280-1288. PubMed
  • Kanter G, Connelly N, Fitzgerald J. Antibiotics in one hour—the clock is ticking [invited commentary]. Anaesth Newsl. 2007;May;71(5). ASA
  • Lindenauer PK, Remus D, Roman S, Rothberg MB, Benjamin EM, Ma A, Bratzler DW. The impact of public reporting and pay-for-performance on hospital quality improvement. New Engl J Med. 2007;Feb 1;356:486-496. PubMed
  • Gania S, Lee, KF, Merrill A, Lee MH, Bellantonio S, Brennan M, Lindenauer PK. Adverse outcomes of geriatric abdominal surgical patients at high risk for delirium. Arch Surg. 2007;142(11):1072-1078. PubMed
  • Lindenauer PK, Rothberg MB, Pekow PS, Kenwood C, Benjamin EM, Auerbach AD. Outcomes of patients treated by hospitalists, general internists, and family physicians. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:2589-2600. PubMed

2006

  • Kanter G, Connelly N, Fitzgerald J. System redesign to optimize antibiotic delivery. Anesth Analg. 2006 Dec;103(6):1517-1521. PubMed
  • Lindenauer PK. Unintended consequences of public reporting of hospital quality [editorial]. AHRQ Web M & M; Spotlight case. November 2006. Available at http://webmm.ahrq.gov. AHRQ
  • Lindenauer PK, Ling D, Hoople N, Crawford AS, Pekow P, Fitzgerald J, Benjamin EM. Physician characteristics, attitudes, and use of computerized order entry. J Hosp Med. 2006;Aug;1(4)221-230. PubMed
  • Lindenauer PK, Pekow P, Gao S, Crawford, AS, Benjamin G, Benjamin EM. Quality of care for patients hospitalized for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Intern Med. 2006;June;144(12):894-903. PubMed
  • Rothberg M. Savings from Canadian internet pharmacies are limited. Ann Intern Med. 2006;Feb 7;144(3):224. PubMed
  • Rothberg MB, Bonner AB, Rajab MH, Kim HS, Stechenberg BW, Rose DN. Effects of local variation, specialty and beliefs on antiviral prescribing for influenza. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;Jan 1;42(1):95-99. PubMed
  • Lindenauer PK, Behal R, Murray CK, Nsa W, Houk P, Bratzler D. Volume, quality of care, and outcome in pneumonia. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:262-269. PubMed

2005

  • Carr PL,* Rothberg MB,* Pliskin JS, Felsenstein D, Friedman RH. "Shotgun" versus sequential testing. Cost-effectiveness of diagnostic strategies for vaginitis. J Gen Intern Med. 2005;Sep;20(9):793-799. *co-first authors PubMed
  • Lindenauer PK. Moved too soon [editorial]. AHRQ Web M&M. 2004 Oct. AHRQ
  • Rothberg MB, Rose, DN. Vaccination versus treatment of influenza in working adults: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Am J Med. 2005;118(1):68-77. PubMed
  • Rothberg MB. Cost-effective approaches to influenza prevention and treatment. Expert rev. Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Res. 2005;5(2):141-152.
  • Rothberg MB, Abraham I, Lindenauer PK, Rose DN. Improving nurse to patient staffing ratios as a cost-effective safety intervention. Med Care. 2005;43(8):785-791. PubMed
  • Rothberg MB, Celestin C, Fiore LD, Lawler E, Cook J. Warfarin plus aspirin for patients with history of myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome: meta-analysis with estimates of risk and benefit. Ann Int Med. 2005;143:241-250. PubMed
  • Rothberg MB. Cost-effectiveness of clopidogrel plus aspirin versus aspirin alone. Ann Int Med. 2005;143:464. PubMed
  • Rothberg MB, Fisher D, Kelly B, Rose DN. Management of influenza symptoms in children: cost-effectiveness of rapid testing and antiviral therapy. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005;159(11):1055-1062. PubMed
  • Henneman PL, Blank, FSJ, Smithline, HA, Haiping L, Santoro, JS, Schmidt, J, Benjamin, EM, Henneman, EA. Voluntarily reported emergency department errors. J of Patient Safety. 2005;126-132.
  • Lindenauer PK, Pekow P, Wang K, Mamidi DK, Gutierrez B, Benjamin EM. Perioperative beta-blocker therapy and mortality after major noncardiac surgery. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:349-361. PubMed

2004

  • Mertens WC, Hoople NE, Rodrigues C, Lindenauer PK, Benjamin EM. Association of admission date with cancer patient survival at a regional hospice: Utility of a statistical process control analysis. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2004 Jul/Aug;21(4):275-84. PubMed
  • Lindenauer PK, Mathews, MC, Ntuli, TS, Pekow P, Fitzgerald, J, Benjamin, EM. Use of antihypertensive agents in the management of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Neurology. 2004;Jul;63:318-323. PubMed
  • Rothberg MB, Wong JB. All dysuria is local: a cost-effectiveness model for designing site-specific management algorithms. J Gen Intern Med. 2004;19:433-443. PubMed
  • Rothberg M. Prioritizing influenza vaccination. JAMA. 2004;292:2582-2583. PubMed
  • Lindenauer PK, Pekow, P, Gutierrez, B, Benjamin E. Lipid treatment and mortality among patients undergoing major non cardiac surgery. JAMA. 2004;291:2092-2099. PubMed
  • Lindenauer PK. Industrialization and its discontents [editorial]. Commentary on Rastegar D. Health care becomes an industry. Ann Fam Med. 2004(2):79-83. AFM
  • Lindenauer PK, Fitzgerald J, Hoople N, Benjamin EM. The potential preventability of postoperative myocardial infarction: underuse of perioperative beta-adrenergic blockade. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:762-766. PubMed
  • Lindenauer PK. Commentary on Ferguson TB Jr, Peterson ED, Coombs LP, Eiken MC, Carey ML, Grover FL, DeLong ER; Society of Thoracic Surgeons and the National Cardiac Database. Use of continuous quality improvement to increase use of process measures in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized controlled trial [editorial]. JAMA. 2003 Jul 2;290(1):49-56. Evid Based Health Care 2004;8:1-3.

2003

  • Rothberg MB, Bellantonio S, Rose DN. Management of influenza in older adults: cost-effectiveness of rapid testing and antiviral therapy. Ann Intern Med. 2003;39:321-329. [Summarized in ACP annual Update in General Medicine and in Mosby’s 2004 Yearbook of Medicine] PubMed
  • Rothberg MB, He S, Rose DN. Management of influenza symptoms in healthy adults: cost-effectiveness of rapid testing and antiviral therapy. J Gen Intern Med. 2003:18(10):807-814. [Summarized in Mosby’s 2005 Yearbook of Family Medicine]. PubMed
  • Fordyce J, Blank D, Benjamin E, Henneman P. Errors in a busy emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2003;4-33. PubMed
  • Mertens WC, Higby DJ, Brown D, Parisi R, Fitzgerald J, Benjamin E, Lindenauer PK. Improving the care of patients with chemotherapy-induced nausea and emesis: the effect of feedback to clinicians on adherence to antiemetic prescribing guidelines. Am J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:1373-1378. PubMed

2002

  • Lindenauer PK, Chehabeddine R, Fitzgerald J, Pekow P, Benjamin EM. Quality of care for patients hospitalized with heart failure: assessing the impact of hospitalists. Arch Intern Med. 2002;June 10;162(11):1251-1256. PubMed
  • Rothberg M, Bennish ML, Wong JB. Do the benefits of varicella vaccination outweigh the long-term risks? A decision-analytic model for policymakers and pediatricians. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;Apr 1;34(7):885-894. PubMed
  • Benjamin EM, Bradley R. Systematic implementation of customized guidelines: the staged diabetes management approach. JCOM. 2002 Feb;9(2):81-86.
  • Schmidt M, Lindenauer PK, Fitzgerald JL, Benjamin EM. Forecasting the clinical impact of a practice guideline for perioperative beta-blockers to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:63-69. PubMed
  • Lindenauer PK, Benjamin EM, Naglieri-Prescod D, Fitzgerald J, Pekow P. The role of the institutional review board in quality improvement; a survey of quality officers, institutional review board chairs and journal editors. Am J Med. 2002;113(7):575-579. PubMed

2001

  • Rolka DB, Narayan V, Thompson TJ, Goldman D, Lindenmayer J, Alich K, Bacall D, Benjamin E, Lamb B, Stuart D, Engelgau M. Performance of recommended screening tests for undiagnosed diabetes and dysglycemia. Diabetes Care. 2001 Nov;24(11):1899-1903. PubMed
  • Pantilat SZ, Lindenauer PK, Katz PP, Wachter RM. Primary care physician attitudes regarding communication with hospitalists. Amer J Med. 2001;111(9B):15-20. PubMed

2000

  • Auerbach AD, Nelson EA, Lindenauer PK, Pantilat SZ, Katz PP, Wachter RM. Physician attitudes toward and prevalence of the hospitalist model of care: results of a national survey. Am J Med. 2000;109:548-653. PubMed

1999

  • Benjamin EM, Schneider M, Hinchey KT. Implementing clinical practice guidelines for diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1999 Oct;22(10):1672-1678. PubMed
  • Lindenauer PK, Pantilat SZ, Wachter RM. Hospitalists and the practice of inpatient medicine; results of a survey of the national association of inpatient physicians. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:343-349. PubMed
  • Lurie JD, Miller DP, Lindenauer PK, Wachter RM, Sox HC. The potential size
    of the hospitalist workforce. Am J Med. 1999;106:441-445. PubMed